Điều kiện \(x\ne0;y\ne0\)

Đặt \(x+\frac{1}{x}=a;y+\frac{1}{y}=b\), khi đó :

\(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=a^2-2;y^2+\frac{1}{y^2}=b^2-2\)

Thay vào hệ phương trình ta được :

\(\begin{cases}a+b=5\\a^2+b^2=13\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}a+b=5\\\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=13\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}a+b=5\\ab=6\end{cases}\)

Do đó a và b là nghiệm của phương trình : \(t^2-5t+6=0\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}t=2\\t=3\end{cases}\) 

vậy \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(2;3\right);\left(a;b\right)=\left(3;2\right)\)

* Khi \(\begin{cases}a=2\\b=3\end{cases}\) ta có :

\(\begin{cases}x+\frac{1}{x}=2\\y+\frac{1}{y}=3\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x^2-2x+1=0\\y^2-3x+1=0\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=1\\y=\frac{3\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{cases}\)

* Khi \(\begin{cases}a=3\\b=2\end{cases}\) ta có :

\(\begin{cases}x+\frac{1}{x}=3\\y+\frac{1}{y}=2\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x^2-3x+1=0\\y^2-2x+1=0\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}y=1\\x=\frac{3\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{cases}\)

Các nghiệm (x;y) là 

\(\left(1;\frac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right);\left(1;\frac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\right);\left(\frac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2};1\right);\left(\frac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2};1\right)\)

a. \(=>\hept{\begin{cases}3xy=\frac{y^2+2}{x}\\3xy=\frac{x^2+2}{y}\end{cases}=>\frac{y^2+2}{x}=\frac{x^2+2}{y}}\\ \)

=> \(y^3+2y=x^3+2x=>x^3-y^3+2x-2y=0\\ \)

=>\(\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2+xy+2\right)=0\\ \)

\(x^2+y^2+xy\ge0=>x^2+y^2+xy+2>0\)

=> x-y=0=> x=y

\(b,\hept{\begin{cases}4\left(x+y\right)=5\left(x-y\right)\\\frac{40}{x+y}+\frac{40}{x-y}=9\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)=0\\40\left(x-y\right)+40\left(x+y\right)-9\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left[4\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\right]=0\\80x-9\left(x^2-y^2\right)=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(9y-x\right)=0\\9\left(\frac{80}{9}x-x^2+y^2\right)=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow.......\)

rồi sao típ ạ?

Bạn xét phương trình thứ nhất 

bằng cách chia trường hợp rồi tìm

Dat \(x+y=t;xy=v\left(t,v\ne0\right)\)

HPT tro thanh 

\(\hept{\begin{cases}t+\frac{t}{v}=\frac{9}{2}\\v+\frac{1}{v}=\frac{5}{2}\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}t+\frac{t}{v}=\frac{9}{2}\left(1\right)\\v^2-\frac{5}{2}v+1=0\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)

Xet (2):

\(\Delta=\frac{25}{4}-4=\frac{9}{4}\)

Suy ra:

\(v_1=4;v_2=1\)

Voi \(v=4\)thi thay vao HPT thay khong thoa man nen loai 

Voi \(v=1\)thay vao HPT thay khong thoa man nen loai 

Vay HPT vo nghiem 

a) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2=\left(5-2xy\right)^2\\\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy+xy=7\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y\right)^2-4xy=25+4x^2y^2-20xy\\\left(x+y\right)^2-xy=7\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y\right)^2=25+4x^2y^2-16xy\\\left(x+y\right)^2=7+xy\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow25+4x^2y^2-16xy=7+xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2y^2-17xy+18=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy=\frac{9}{4}\)  hoặc  \(xy=2\)

Từ đó tính đc x+y dễ dàng tìm được các giá trị x và y

b) Câu hỏi của Huỳnh Minh Nghĩa - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath

a: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}35x-28y=21\\35x-45y=40\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}17y=-19\\5x-4y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{19}{17}\\x=-\dfrac{5}{17}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{8}{y}=18\\\dfrac{10}{x}+\dfrac{8}{y}=102\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{11}{x}=120\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{8}{y}=18\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{11}{120}\\y=-\dfrac{44}{39}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{30}{x-1}+\dfrac{3}{y+2}=3\\\dfrac{25}{x-1}+\dfrac{3}{y+2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{x-1}=1\\\dfrac{10}{y-1}+\dfrac{1}{y+2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=5\\\dfrac{1}{y+2}+2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

d: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{135}{2x-y}+\dfrac{160}{x+3y}=35\\\dfrac{135}{2x-y}-\dfrac{144}{x+3y}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3y=8\\2x-y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+6y=16\\2x-y=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+y\right)=0\\\left(y+1\right)\left(2y-x\right)=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot x=1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\\left(y+1\right)\left(2y-1\right)=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\y=-1;y=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot y=-1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\\0=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1;x=\frac{1}{2}\\0=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot x=2y\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2y-1\right)5y=0\\0=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y=0\Rightarrow x=0\\y=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=1\end{cases}}\)
\(y=-2x\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\\left(1-2x\right)5x=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow y=-1\\x=0\Rightarrow y=0\end{cases}}\)

b) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\frac{21}{8}\\\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=\frac{37}{6}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\\left(\frac{21}{8}-y\right)^2+y^2=\frac{37}{6}y\left(\frac{21}{8}-y\right)\end{cases}}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\2y^2-\frac{21}{4}y+\frac{441}{64}=-\frac{37}{6}y^2+\frac{259}{16}y\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{21}{8}-y\\1568y^2-4116y+1323=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{3}{8}\\y=\frac{9}{4}\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{9}{4}\\y=\frac{3}{8}\end{cases}}\)

c) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2\\\frac{2}{xy}-\frac{1}{z^2}=4\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{z^2}=\left(2-\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2xy-x-y\right)^2=-4x^2y^2+2xy\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}8x^2y^2-4x^2y-4xy^2+x^2+y^2-2xy+2xy=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4x^2y^2-4x^2y+x^2+4x^2y^2-4xy^2+y^2=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2xy-x\right)^2+\left(2xy-y\right)^2=0\\\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{2}{xy}-4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=\frac{1}{2}\\z=\frac{-1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
d) \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy+x+y=71\\x^2y+xy^2=880\end{cases}}\). Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=S\\xy=P\end{cases}}\), ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}S+P=71\\SP=880\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=71-P\\P\left(71-P\right)=880\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=71-P\\P^2-71P+880=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=16\\P=55\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}S=55\\P=16\end{cases}}\)
\(\cdot\hept{\begin{cases}S=16\\P=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=16\\xy=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=16-y\\y\left(16-y\right)=55\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=16-y\\y^2-16y+55=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=5\\y=11\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=11\\y=5\end{cases}}\)

\(\cdot\hept{\begin{cases}S=55\\P=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=55\\xy=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=55-y\\y\left(55-y\right)=16\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=55-y\\y^2-55y+16=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{55-3\sqrt{329}}{2}\\y=\frac{55+3\sqrt{329}}{2}\end{cases}}hay\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{55+3\sqrt{329}}{2}\\y=\frac{55-3\sqrt{329}}{2}\end{cases}}\)

e) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}=12\\x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}=28\end{cases}}\). Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}S=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\\P=\sqrt{xy}\end{cases}}\), ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}SP=12\\P\left(S^2-2P\right)=28\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=\frac{12}{P}\\P\left(\frac{144}{P^2}-2P\right)=28\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}S=\frac{12}{P}\\2P^4+28P^2-144P=0\end{cases}}\)
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